What characterizes the binary numbering system?

The binary numbering system is characterized by its use of only two digits: 0 and 1. This system is fundamental in computing because it aligns closely with the on-off states of electronic circuits. In binary, each digit represents an increasing power of two, which allows for efficient representation of data and instructions within computers.

The other options describe different numbering systems. The option mentioning numbers from 0 to 9 refers to the decimal (base-10) system, which is the most common numbering system used by humans. The option that includes letters A-F pertains to the hexadecimal (base-16) system, which uses a combination of numbers and letters to represent values. The final option refers to the decimal system once again, which does not apply to binary. Overall, C is the only option that accurately reflects the unique characteristics of the binary numbering system.