What do we call programming features that execute different actions based on a Boolean condition?

The correct choice is conditionals. Conditionals are programming constructs that allow code to execute different actions based on whether a specified Boolean condition evaluates to true or false. This means that through the use of statements such as "if," "else if," and "else," a program can make decisions and branch into various paths of execution.

For example, if the condition evaluates to true, a certain block of code will run; otherwise, a different block, or perhaps no block at all, may execute. This fundamental concept is essential in programming, as it enables developers to implement logic, control the flow of a program, and create dynamic applications that react to various inputs.

Iterations, on the other hand, refer to looping structures that repeatedly execute a set of instructions until a certain condition is met. Variables are used to store and manipulate data but do not directly govern flow control based on conditions. Functions encapsulate reusable blocks of code but do not inherently involve conditional logic unless explicitly included within their structure.