What is an integrated circuit that contains all functions of a computer's central processing unit?

The correct answer is the microprocessor. A microprocessor is a highly integrated circuit that incorporates all the functions necessary for a computer's central processing unit (CPU) onto a single chip. This includes the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) for performing calculations and logical operations, as well as the control unit that manages the data flow within the CPU and coordinates the operations of other components in the system.

Microprocessors are designed to execute a set of instructions, making them the core component that drives the processing tasks of a computer. They are crucial in determining the overall performance and capabilities of a computer system.

In contrast, a microcontroller integrates a CPU with memory and peripheral interfaces, specifically meant for controlling devices rather than functioning as a general-purpose CPU. An FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) is a type of programmable logic device that can be configured to perform various functions but does not typically embody the complete processing architecture of a traditional CPU. An ASIC (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit) is custom-made for a specific application, which means it can contain a CPU but is not a general-purpose microprocessor designed for versatile computing tasks.

Therefore, a microprocessor distinctly represents the comprehensive computing functionality required in a central processing unit, making it the correct choice for this