What is defined as a digital scheme for locating a specific object in a large set?

The concept defined as a digital scheme for locating a specific object in a large set aligns with indexing. Indexing involves creating a data structure that allows for efficient retrieval of data, making it possible to locate specific items quickly without having to search through the entire set sequentially.

While techniques like sequential search and binary search are methods used to locate data, they do not inherently refer to the broader framework of organizing and structuring data for efficient access. Sequential search examines each item one by one, which can be inefficient in large datasets. Binary search requires the data to be sorted and divides the search space in half, allowing for faster searching, but it still relies on a certain organization of the data.

Hashing functions, on the other hand, convert data into a fixed-size string of characters, which can also be used for searching but is primarily concerned with data integrity and uniqueness, rather than simply locating an object within a set.

In contrast, indexing not only facilitates the location of items but also enhances the performance of data retrieval operations by providing a structured method to reference data quickly. This makes indexing the most suitable answer for the question.