What is the main distinction between a compiler and an interpreter?

The main distinction between a compiler and an interpreter lies in how they process code. An interpreter executes code directly, translating high-level language instructions into machine code one line at a time, which allows for immediate execution and feedback. This means that as the program runs, the interpreter reads and executes each instruction exactly as it appears, making it easier to test and debug small sections of code in real-time.

In contrast, a compiler translates the entire source code into machine code before any part of the program is executed. This means that the entire program must be compiled first, generating an executable file that can then be run at a later time. This process can often lead to more efficient execution since it optimizes the code during compilation, but it also introduces a layer of separation between writing and running the code.

Understanding this difference is essential, as it affects how developers write, debug, and optimize their programs in various programming environments. The other options either confuse the fundamental roles of compilers and interpreters or imply incorrect scenarios regarding their functionality.