What is the process of breaking down a complex problem or system into easier parts called?

The process of breaking down a complex problem or system into easier parts is referred to as decomposition. In computer science and related fields, decomposition helps to simplify the problem-solving process by allowing for a more manageable analysis of each component. By focusing on individual parts, it becomes easier to understand, design, and implement solutions without being overwhelmed by the complexity of the entire system at once.

Decomposition is a fundamental approach used in algorithms, software development, and systems design, as it encourages modularity and promotes code reuse. This methodology aligns closely with the principles of structured programming and object-oriented design, where larger programs are divided into smaller, more understandable modules or classes.

Other terms, such as decompilation and disintegration, do not accurately describe this process. Decompilation refers to translating bytecode back into source code, while disintegration implies breaking something apart into its components but lacks the structured approach conveyed by decomposition. Similarly, reduction typically involves decreasing the size or complexity of something but does not specifically refer to the method of analyzing a system by breaking it down into its parts.