What is the term for translating a program from one programming language to another without losing its original functional or logical structure?

The term that refers to translating a program from one programming language to another while maintaining its original functional or logical structure is translation. This process involves converting the source code written in one language into equivalent code in another language, ensuring that the overall behavior and logic of the program remain consistent.

Translation differs from other processes like compilation, which specifically refers to converting high-level programming language code into machine code that a computer can execute, often involving optimization and performance adjustments. Interpretation involves executing code line-by-line or statement-by-statement, rather than fully translating it into another language. Parsing is a related process that involves analyzing the syntax of the source code but does not encompass the actual conversion from one programming language to another.

Thus, the correct choice of translation effectively captures the essence of transforming code while preserving its original logic, aligning perfectly with the requirements of the question.