What system design feature ensures that a component is duplicated to prevent failure?

The concept of redundancy in system design refers to the strategy of duplicating critical components within a system to enhance reliability and prevent potential failures. By having additional backups or replicas of essential parts—such as servers, databases, or communication lines—a system can maintain its functionality even if one or more components encounter issues. This is particularly important in contexts where system uptime is critical, such as data centers or safety-critical systems.

Redundancy helps to mitigate the risk of a single point of failure, ensuring that there is always a functioning alternative available if one component goes down. This means that in case of hardware malfunctions, software errors, or other unexpected failures, the system can continue to operate smoothly, thus providing increased availability and resilience.

In contrast, the other options pertain to different aspects of system design. Compliance relates to adherence to regulations and standards, integration focuses on how different components work together effectively, and standardization involves establishing uniform specifications or processes across components or systems. While all these features are important in system design, none directly address the aspect of duplicating components to guard against failure as effectively as redundancy does.