What term is used to describe the methods for representing information stored in a computer?

The term "data representation" is used to describe the methods for representing information stored in a computer. This encompasses the various formats and structures that data can take within a computer system, including how information is formatted, organized, and manipulated for processing.

Data representation involves different data types such as integers, floating-point numbers, characters, and more. It also includes concepts such as binary representation, where information is expressed in bits and bytes, and the way this information is processed and utilized by a computer's hardware and software.

The other options, while related to aspects of data handling, do not specifically focus on the representation of information within a computer. For instance, data transmission refers to the transfer of data from one place to another, data compression pertains to reducing the size of data, and data encoding involves converting data into a particular format for processing or transmission. Each of these plays a role in computing, but "data representation" specifically highlights how data is structured for use.