Which process involves modifying code in a different programming language to maintain its functionality?

The process that correctly describes modifying code in a different programming language to maintain its functionality is translation. This involves taking source code written in one programming language and converting it into another programming language while preserving the original functionality. Translation ensures that the logical operations and behaviors of the software remain intact while adapting it to a new language environment.

In contrast, conversion tends to imply a more general process of changing data formats or structures, which may not specifically involve programming languages. Refactoring refers to the process of restructuring existing code without changing its external behavior, focusing on improving code readability and reducing complexity rather than translating it to another language. Compilation is the process of transforming source code written in a high-level programming language into machine code or bytecode, allowing it to be executed by the computer, but does not involve changing it to a different programming language.

Thus, translation is the most appropriate term for modifying code from one language to another while maintaining functionality.